- Konsep dasar geriatri. Keperawatan gerontik adalah suatu bentuk pelayanan profesional yang didasarkan pada ilmu dan kiat/teknik keperawatan yang berbentuk bio-psiko-sosio-spritual dan kultural yang holistik, ditujukan pada klien lanjut usia, baik sehat maupun sakit pada tingkat individu, keluarga, kelompok dan masyarakat. fokus keperawatan gerontik: peningkatan kesehatan (Health Promotion), pencegahan penyakit (Preventif), optimalisasi fungsi mental dan mengatasi gangguan kesehatan/masalah yang umum
- Perkembangan lanjut usia meliputi: perkembangan fisik pada periode lanjut usia (late adulthood), perkembangan kognitif pada periode lanjut usia (late adulthood) dan perkembangan psikososial pada periode lanjut usia (late adulthood)
- Status gizi lanjut usia. angka kecukupan gizi (AKG) lansia, kebutuhan energi, kebutuhan protein, kebutuhan lemak, kebutuhan karbohidrat, kebutuhan vitamin, dan kebutuhan mineral.
- Masalah mental dan psikiatri pada lansia. Pemeriksaan status mental meliputi: penilaian fungsi, mood,perasaan dan afek, gangguan persepsi, fungsi visuospasial, proses berpikir, sensorium dan kognisi, kesadaran, orientasi, daya ingat, fungsi intelektual, konsentrasi,informasi dan kecerdasan dan membaca dan menulis.
- Gangguan Kesadaran dan Kognitif pada Lansia (Konfusio dan Dimentia). Konfusio Akut adalah Suatu akibat gangguan menyeluruh fungsi kognitif yang ditandai oleh memburuknya secara mendadak derajat kesadaran dan terganggunya proses berfikir yang berakibat terjadinya disorientasi. Dimensia adalah suatu sindroma klinik yang meIputi hilangnya intelektual dan ingatan /memori sedemikian berat sehingga menyebabkan disfungsi hidup sehari-hari
- Pengkajian perawatan pada lansia. aspek pengkajian: pengkajian fisik (per sistem), pengkajian psikologis, pengkajian sosial ekonomi, pengkajian spritual, pengkajian fungsional (KATZ Indeks), identifikasi aspek kognitif dari fungsi mental dengan menggunakan mmse (mini mental status exam) dan pengkajian keseimbangan.
KONSEP GERIATRI
Rasa Takut
Rasa takut adalah emosi primer yang
diperoleh bayi setelah lahir. Rasa takut merupaka respon primitif dan merupakan
suatu mekanisme protektif untuk melindungi seseorang dari bahaya dan peng
rusakan diri. Rasa takut dapat digunakan
untuk menghindarkan anak dari keadaan bahaya, baik fisik maupun sosial.Rasa
takut kebanyakan diperoleh pada masa anak dan remaja, dan rasa takut ini
menetap sampai dewasa. Rasa takut lebih banyak ditemukan pada anak perempuan daripada
laki-laki.(Budiyanti,dkk,
2001)Rasa takut juga dapat didefenisikan sebagai suatu unsur utama dari
perasaan, dalam kehidupan dan merupakan naluri yang memperingatkan manusia akan
adanya bahaya agar siap melindungi dan mempertahankan diri dari ancaman
tersebut.(Hendrastuti, 2003) Rasa takut adalah sifat kepribadian dan dapat berubah kebimbangan,
ketegangan, atau kegelisahan yang berasal dari antisipasi terhadap bahaya,yang
sumbernya umumnya tidak diketahui dan tidak dikenal.
LATIHAN SOAL ANALISIS KESEHATAN
1. Sebutkan 3 teknik pengambilan sample darah.............................
2. Sebutkan 3 lokasi yang diperbolehkan untuk pengambilan sample darah....................
3.
4. Sebutkan cairan meterial pembentuk urin dan hormon apakah yang mengatur gula darah.............
5. Sebutkan 6 evaluasi pengambilan sample feses....................
6. Sebutkan apakah yang dimaksud dengan pemeriksaan makroskopik dan mikroskopik..
7. Sebutkan pengertian seputum menurut dorlan dan kamus kesehatan...............
8. Berapakah jumlah normalnya mengeluarkan feses perhari...........dan berapa persen kandungan air dan kuman pada feses tersebut.........
9. Berapa lamakah feses itu harus di periksa setelah di keluarkan...............
10. Sebutkan 3 apa sajakah yang termasuk dalam jenis sampel urine............
11. Sebutkan 4 evaluasi pengambilan sample sputum....................
12. Sebutkan dan jelaskan 3 jenis pemeriksaan feses...................
FORMAT PENGKAJIAN PADA ANAK
Asuhan Keperawatan
................................................................................
........................................................................
.......................................................
A.
Identitas Mahasiswa
Nama : ..............................
Ruangan : ..............................
B.
Identitas Pasien
Nama : ..............................
TTL : ..............................
Usia : ..............................
Nama Ayah/Ibu : ..............................
Pekerjaan Ayah/Ibu : ..............................
Alamat : ..............................
..............................
Agama : ..............................
Suku bangsa : ..............................
Pendidikan Ayah/Ibu : ..............................
C.
Riwayat kesehatan
1. Keluhan utama
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2. Riwayat kehamilan
dan kelahiran
a. Prenatal :
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
b.
Intranatal: ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
c. Postnatal
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3.
Riwayat kesehatan masa lalu
a. Penyakit
waktu kecil :
............................................................................
............................................................................
b. Pernah
dirawat RS : ............................................................................
............................................................................
c. Obat-obatan
yang digunakan : ............................................................................
............................................................................
d. Tindakan
(operasi) : ............................................................................
............................................................................
e. Alergi : ............................................................................
............................................................................
f. Kecelakaan : ............................................................................
............................................................................
g. Imunisasi : ............................................................................
............................................................................
4.
Riwayat penyakit keluarga
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Genogram :
5.
Riwayat Sosial
a. Yang
mengasuh :
............................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
b. Hubungan
dengan anggota keluarga : ............................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
c. Hubungan
dengan teman sebaya : ............................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
d. Pembawaan
secara umum : ............................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
e. Lingkungan
rumah : ............................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
D.
Kebutuhan dasar
1. Makanan
· Yang
disukai/tidak disukai :
........................................................................................
........................................................................................
· Alat
makan yang dipakai : ........................................................................................
........................................................................................
· Pola
makan/jam :
........................................................................................
........................................................................................
2. Pola tidur
· Kebiasaan
sebelum tidur : ........................................................................................
........................................................................................
· Tidur
siang : ........................................................................................
........................................................................................
· Tidur
malam : ........................................................................................
........................................................................................
3. Mandi :
........................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
4. Aktivitas bermain : ........................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
5. Eliminasi
· BAB : ........................................................................................
........................................................................................
· BAK : ........................................................................................
........................................................................................
E.
Keadaan kesehatan sekarang
1.
Diagnosa medis :
.......................................................................................
2.
Tindakan operasi : ........................................................................................
3.
Status nutrisi :
........................................................................................
........................................................................................
4.
Status cairan : ........................................................................................
........................................................................................
5.
Obat-obatan : ........................................................................................
6.
Aktifitas : ........................................................................................
........................................................................................
7.
Tindakan keperawatan : ........................................................................................
........................................................................................
8.
Hasil laboratorium : Dilampirkan
9.
Hasil Rontgen : Kesan, ............................................................................
........................................................................................
........................................................................................
10. Data
Tambahan : ........................................................................................
F.
Pemeriksaan Fisik
1. Keadaan
umum :
2. Tanda-tanda
vital :
TD: RR: S: N:
3. TB/BB : BB: .....Kg
TB: ......Cm
4. Lingkar
kepala : .......Cm
5. Mata
:
....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
6. Hidung :
....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7. Mulut :
....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
8. Telinga :
....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
9. Leher :
....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
10.
Dada :
....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
11.
Paru-paru : ....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
12.
Jantung :
....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
13.
Punggung :
....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
14.
Genitalia :
....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
15.
Kulit :
....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
16.
Nyeri :
....................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................
17.
Pemeriksaan tingkat perkembangan
a.
Kemandirian dan sosialisasi :
............................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
b.
Motorik halus : ............................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
c.
Kognitif dan bahasa : ............................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
d.
Motorik kasar : ............................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
Informasi lain :
............................................................................
G. Analisa Data
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